Standard reference cigarettes such as the 2R4F, 3R4F, and 1R6F reference cigarettes, are provided by the University of Kentucky for laboratory testing. A standard reference cigarette is used as a consistent and uniform test item for nonclinical investigations by tobacco manufacturers, contract and government laboratories, and academic institutions. The current version is the standard reference cigarette1R6F.
An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles and/or liquid droplets in a gas (usually air). Cigarettes generate a smoke aerosol that is the result of the combustion (burning) of tobacco and contains carbon-based solid particles. While smoke is an aerosol, not all aerosols are smoke.
Our smoke-free products do not produce smoke because they do not burn tobacco. Instead, they generate a nicotine-containing aerosol, either by heating tobacco or through other technologies that do not involve combustion. Consumers typically use the term vapor to refer to the aerosol generated from heated tobacco products or other nicotine-containing products.
Carboxyhemoglobin is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin that forms in red blood cells upon contact with carbon monoxide.
Large quantities of carbon monoxide hinder the ability of hemoglobin to deliver oxygen to the body.
Our heat-not-burn product, the Carbon Heated Tobacco Product (CHTP, also called TEEPS) has a pressed-carbon tip at the end. This carbon heat source is ignited and transfers heat to a uniquely processed tobacco plug. The special design and placement of the carbon heat source results in a controlled temperature, ensuring that the tobacco is just heated, not burned.
TEEPS is one of our heated tobacco products. It is carbon-heated and has a look and feel comparable to a cigarette, but it is not a cigarette. The carbon heat source at the end of TEEPS, a patented HeatControl Technology, is ignited, which transfers heat to a uniquely processed tobacco plug. The consumer puffs on TEEPS to inhale a flavorful nicotine-containing vapor until the end of the experience. The patented design of TEEPS prevents tobacco from burning.
PMI conducted a consumer test of TEEPS carbon tip product in the last quarter of 2021. As a result of the feedback from this consumer test, the design of the company's current TEEPS technology has been discontinued.
Combustion is the process of burning a substance in oxygen, producing heat and often light.
When a cigarette is lit, the combination of tobacco (fuel) and oxygen in the air generates a self-sustaining combustion process that consumes the tobacco.
The combustion of tobacco results in the formation of smoke (that contains a range of chemical constituents), heat, and ash. The high heat associated with combustion leads to the thermal breakdown of the tobacco when it is burned, resulting in the production of many of the toxicants found in cigarette smoke
E-cigarettes, also called electronic cigarettes, are a part of the smoke-free category of products without tobacco.
These battery-powered devices vaporize a liquid solution that contains nicotine and/or flavors, also known as an e-liquid.
One of the problems typically associated with e-cigarettes is the lack of quality control and automation throughout the manufacturing process. Unlike typical e-cigarette cartridges, our MESH cartridges are manufactured, assembled, pre-filled, and pre-sealed in a fully automated process in our European production facilities. Vaping is the term typically used to describe inhaling an aerosol (vapor) from an e-cigarette.
The Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System (EHCSS) was the predecessor device to the current Tobacco Heating System (THS). The EHCSS consisted of a specially designed cigarette containing tobacco rolled into a tobacco mat, which was wrapped over with a cigarette paper. This special cigarette was inserted into a battery-powered heater equipped with an array of eight blades that heated the tobacco and minimized burning during puffing.
Exposure to a chemical describes how much of a chemical comes into contact with a human, laboratory animal or cell culture so that it might be inhaled, ingested or absorbed and how often and for how long that does happen. Exposure of humans to chemicals is important to understand because it may have an influence on human health.
E-liquid refers to a liquid solution typically used in e-vapor products such as e-cigarettes. E-liquids generally contain different levels of nicotine, flavors, and glycerin and/or propylene glycol. An e-cigarette heats the e-liquid to produce a vapor that the user inhales.
The principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) promote the quality and validity of data generated in the testing of chemicals and prevent fraudulent practices.
The principles have been developed in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the EU has adopted these principles and the revised OECD Guides for Compliance Monitoring Procedures for GLP as annexes to its two GLP Directives.
Gross pathology refers to relatively large manifestations of disease (i.e., visible to the naked eye) in organs, tissues, and body cavities.
Heat-not-burn products, also known as heated tobacco products, only heat tobacco instead of burning it.
The heating process generates a flavorful nicotine-containing vapor. And since the tobacco does not burn, the levels of harmful chemicals can be significantly reduced compared to cigarette smoke. Whether the emissions are actually reduced needs to be scientifically assessed on a product-by-product basis.
HEETS, also known as HeatSticks in some markets, is a specially designed heated tobacco unit that is intended for use with the IQOS holder. The consumer inserts a HEETS into the IQOS holder, where it is heated. HEETS are made up of elements that include a tobacco plug, hollow acetate tube, polymer-film filter, cellulose-acetate mouthpiece filter, and outer and mouth-end papers.
HPHCs refer to Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents of tobacco products. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) requires tobacco manufacturers and importers to report the levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) found in their tobacco products and tobacco smoke. HPHCs are chemicals or chemical compounds in tobacco products or tobacco smoke that cause or could cause harm to smokers or nonsmokers.
IQOS is the umbrella brand name for the different products in our portfolio.
IQOS VEEV is our next-generation e-vapor product that uses a new approach to vapor generation. Unlike IQOS heated tobacco products, IQOS VEEV uses IQOS VEEV MESH heating technology—a metallic mesh with tiny holes to heat an e-liquid in a pre-filled, pre-sealed pod (called VEEV). Along with pharmaceutical-grade nicotine, VEEV e-liquids also contain food-grade flavorings. MESH pods are manufactured, assembled, pre-filled, and pre-sealed in our European production facilities. IQOS VEEV also features puff-activated heating and a low-liquid-level detection system that ensures the consistency and quality of the vapor generated and inhaled.
‘Modified-risk tobacco product’ or ‘MRTP’ is the term formally used by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to describe an alternative to cigarettes that is associated with less risk of disease.
Nicotine is a naturally occurring chemical in the tobacco plant and is one of the reasons why people smoke cigarettes. Nicotine is addictive and not risk free. However, it's not the primary cause of smoking-related diseases.
Because it is one of the reasons people smoke cigarettes, nicotine’s presence in products that are designed to be less harmful than cigarettes can help adults to switch instead of continuing smoking cigarettes. Minors, pregnant women or nursing mothers, and people with existing conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure or diabetes should not use tobacco or nicotine-containing products. Minors, in particular, should not have access to tobacco or nicotine-containing products.
"Omics" is a summary term in biology that covers methods capable of describing entire molecular landscapes of living systems. These methods include genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, transcriptomics or metabolomics.
In academic publishing, the goal of peer review is to assess the quality of an article submitted for publication. The review process ensures that the standards for a set discipline are met. Peer-reviewed articles that are accepted for publication exemplify the best research practices in a given field of science.
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the process by which a pharmacological compound is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated by the body.
Reduced Risk Products ("RRPs”) is the term we use to refer to products that present, are likely to present, or have the potential to present less risk of harm to smokers who switch to these products versus continuing smoking. PMI has a range of RRPs in various stages of development, scientific assessment, and commercialization. Our RRPs are smoke-free products that produce an aerosol that contains far lower quantities of harmful and potentially harmful constituents than found in cigarette smoke.
Our scientific assessment program is a comprehensive set of studies to determine the risk profile a product presents in comparison to continued cigarette smoking. In order to demonstrate that switching fully to our smoke-free products results in a significant reduction in the risk of disease compared to continued cigarette smoking, we follow a rigorous assessment program. In five steps, our risk assessment approach covers the full range of activities from initial product development to the monitoring of these products once they are on the market.
Smoke-free products do not burn tobacco but do deliver the nicotine and taste in the form of a vapor that can satisfy existing adult smokers. We’ve focused on two ways to create our smoke-free products, both of which eliminate the burning (combustion) of tobacco. Since there is no combustion of tobacco or e-liquid, the vapor that is generated and inhaled contains fewer harmful and potentially harmful constituents, making the products better alternatives to cigarettes. The first is to heat tobacco to generate a flavorful nicotine-containing vapor while significantly reducing the levels of harmful chemicals in the vapor. The other way is to produce a nicotine-containing vapor without using tobacco, which is satisfying to smokers. While not risk free, we believe that our breakthrough smoke-free products have the potential to present less risk of harm than continued smoking - but the best choice is to quit tobacco use altogether or never start in the first place.
Cigarette smoking is addictive and can cause certain diseases such as lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and emphysema. This is due to the high levels of harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke, which include among others arsenic, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, carbon monoxide, heavy metals, hydrogen cyanide, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
Nicotine Salts Product (NSP) is a novel product that generates a nicotine powder aerosol through a mechanical process. The nicotine powder is made of nicotine salt formed from nicotine and a weak organic acid.
Tobacco is a green, leafy plant that typically grows in warm climates, and is the core component of many of our products. There are three different types of tobacco: Virginia, burley, and oriental. It is either harvested leaf-by-leaf (Virginia and oriental), or by the whole plant, and needs to be processed for further use. (Includes Infographic)
The Tobacco Heating System (THS) is the combination of an Electrically Heated Tobacco Product (EHTP) and a Tobacco Heating Device (THD). The THS is a specially designed product that heats a tobacco stick without burning it. This is achieved via a heating blade that heats the tobacco plug in the consumable radially outwards from the center of the tobacco plug.
Vaping typically describes the use of an e-cigarette, which produces a vapor that is inhaled by the consumer. See also vapor and aerosol.
The term is commonly used to refer to the aerosol generated from a smoke-free product.
Сайт PMIScience.com создан компанией Филип Моррис Интернэшнл с целью публикации и распространения научной информации об усилиях по разработке и оценке продуктов, которые потенциально могут снизить индивидуальные риски и вред для населения, связанные с употреблением табака. Этот сайт предназначен для ученых, экспертов в области регулирования и общественного здравоохранения, а также других лиц, интересующихся регулированием в отношением к табака. Целью этого сайта не является реклама или маркетинг. Он не предназначен для использования потребителями.
Продукция с пониженным риском («ППP») - это термин, используемый ФМИ для обозначения продукции, которая обладает, вероятно обладает или потенциально может обладать пониженным риском причинения вреда здоровью курильщиков, переключившихся на данные виды продукции, по сравнению с риском причинения вреда здоровью при продолжении курения сигарет. ППР находятся на различных стадиях разработки, научной оценки и коммерциализации. Наши ППР представляют собой бездымные продукты, которые производят аэрозоль, содержащий значительно меньшее количество вредных и потенциально вредных компонентов, чем в дыме сигарет.