Peer-Reviewed Publications

      Extension of the compressible PISO algorithm to single-species aerosol formation and transport

      Frederix, E. M. A.; Stanic, M.; Kuczaj, A. K.; Nordlund, M.; Geurts, B. J.
      Published
      May 15, 2015
      DOI
      10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.04.015
      Link to publication
      Topic
      Summary

      In this paper, an Eulerian model for single-species aerosol production and transport is introduced, and solved using the Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) algorithm. The aerosol droplets are described in terms of two moments of the droplet size distribution, i.e., the droplet number concentration and the liquid mass fraction. The compressible PISO algorithm for reacting flows is extended to incorporate the transport equations of these two moments. The scheme is applied to the simulation of vapor-to-droplet conversion in a Laminar Flow Diffusion Chamber (LFDC). In that setting, we show the numerical properties of the method for, first, carrier gas flow without the presence of vapor or droplets, and second, the production and evolution of aerosol droplets through nucleation and condensation. The method is shown to be second order in time and space. We adopt a TVD scheme the handle unphysical oscillations that may arise near sharp nucleation fronts. Good agreement is found with experimental data, in terms of the predicted temperature centerline profile (within 1%) and LFDC outlet droplet number concentration. The detailed validation and analysis of the model in combination with PISO may be used for more advanced aerosol modeling.

      PMIScience.com is operated by Philip Morris International for the purpose of publishing and disseminating scientific information about Philip Morris International’s efforts in support of its smoke-free product portfolio. This site is a global site for use by scientists, the public health and regulatory communities, and other stakeholders with an interest in tobacco policy. The purpose of this site is not advertising or marketing, nor is it directed at any specific market. It is not intended for use by consumers. New tobacco products sold in the United States are subject to FDA regulation; therefore the content of this site is not intended to make, and nor should it be construed as making, any product related claims in the United States without proper FDA authorization. ​
      ​
      Reduced Risk Products ("RRPs”) is the term we use to refer to products that present, are likely to present, or have the potential to present less risk of harm to smokers who switch to these products versus continuing smoking. PMI has a range of RRPs in various stages of development, scientific assessment and commercialization. All of our RRPs are smoke-free products that deliver nicotine with far lower quantities of harmful and potentially harmful constituents than found in cigarette smoke.