Peer-Reviewed Publications

      Lung inflammation in rats following subchronic exposure to cigarette mainstream smoke

      Friedrichs, B.; van Miert, E.; Vanscheeuwijck, P.
      Published
      Mar 31, 2006
      DOI
      10.1080/01902140600817457
      PMID
      16908445
      Link to publication
      Topic
      Summary

      Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to mainstream smoke from standard reference cigarettes and a nontobacco cellulose cigarette for 35 days. Whole smoke and smoke fractions were investigated. Lung inflammation was evaluated by differentiation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells and lymphocytes in thoracic lymph nodes. Histopathological changes in the nose and larynx were assessed. Results showed that the particulate phase of cigarette mainstream smoke is mostly responsible for inflammation in the lung (neutrophil increase up to 240-fold) and hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelial changes in the larynx, whereas irritative volatile constituents in the gas phase are mostly responsible for changes in the nose.

      Related Publications

      Cigarette smoke enhances abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in angiotensin II-treated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

      Pre-clinical Toxicology

      Tobacco Heating System 2.4 has less harmful impact on 2D bone co-culture system than cigarette smoke

      Pre-clinical Toxicology

      Characterizing the Genotoxic Potential of E-Cigarette Components In Vitro

      Pre-clinical Toxicology

      Evaluation of Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Flavored E-Vapor Aerosols in an 18-Month Inhalation Study in A/J Mice

      Pre-clinical Toxicology

      Toxicological Assessment of Highly Mentholated Reduced-Risk Tobacco Products in Sprague Dawley Rats Following Sub-Chronic Inhalation Exposure

      Pre-clinical Toxicology

      Exposure to a Heated Tobacco Product Aerosol Is Associated with Lower Activity of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Reduced Alteration in Clozapine Metabolism Than Exposure to Cigarette Smoke

      Pre-clinical Toxicology

      PMIScience.com is operated by Philip Morris International for the purpose of publishing and disseminating scientific information about Philip Morris International’s efforts in support of its smoke-free product portfolio. This site is a global site for use by scientists, the public health and regulatory communities, and other stakeholders with an interest in tobacco policy. The purpose of this site is not advertising or marketing, nor is it directed at any specific market. It is not intended for use by consumers. New tobacco products sold in the United States are subject to FDA regulation; therefore the content of this site is not intended to make, and nor should it be construed as making, any product related claims in the United States without proper FDA authorization. ​
      ​
      Reduced Risk Products ("RRPs”) is the term we use to refer to products that present, are likely to present, or have the potential to present less risk of harm to smokers who switch to these products versus continuing smoking. PMI has a range of RRPs in various stages of development, scientific assessment and commercialization. All of our RRPs are smoke-free products that deliver nicotine with far lower quantities of harmful and potentially harmful constituents than found in cigarette smoke.