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van der Plas, A.; Antunes, M.; Pouly, S.; de La Bourdonnaye, G.; Hankins, M.; Heremans, A.
Smoking increases lipid levels, including triglycerides, leading to increased cardiovascular disease risk. We performed a meta-analysis to quantify the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on triglyceride levels. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to identify studies reporting either triglyceride levels in smokers and non-smokers or the effects of smoking cessation on triglyceride levels. Fixed- and random-effects models were used to perform the analyses when three or more studies/comparisons were available. We identified 169 and 21 studies evaluating the effects of smoking and smoking cessation, respectively, on triglyceride levels. Triglyceride levels were 0.50 mmol/L (95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.50 mmol/L) higher in smokers than non-smokers, but the effect differed widely across studies. No statistically significant effect was observed on triglyceride levels between baseline and 6 weeks (mean difference [MD] = 0.02 [−0.09, 0.12] mmol/L), 2 months (MD = 0.03 [−0.21, 0.27] mmol/L), 3 months (MD = 0.08 [−0.03, 0.21] mmol/L), or 1 year (MD = 0.04 [−0.06, 0.14] mmol/L) after quitting. However, a slightly significant decrease in triglyceride levels was observed at 1 month after cessation (MD = −0.15 [−0.15, −0.01] mmol/L). The results of this meta-analysis provide a basis for understanding the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on triglyceride levels, which could have important implications for public health.
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Reduced Risk Products ("RRPs”) is the term we use to refer to products that present, are likely to present, or have the potential to present less risk of harm to smokers who switch to these products versus continuing smoking. PMI has a range of RRPs in various stages of development, scientific assessment and commercialization. All of our RRPs are smoke-free products that deliver nicotine with far lower quantities of harmful and potentially harmful constituents than found in cigarette smoke.