Peer-Reviewed Publications

      Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 8: Nicotine bridging – Estimating smoke constituent exposure by their relationships to both nicotine levels in mainstream cigarette smoke and in smokers

      Urban, H. J.; Tricker, A. R.; Leyden, D. E.; Forte, N.; Zenzen, V.; Feuersenger, A.; Assink, M.; Kallischnigg, G.; Schorp, M. K.
      Published
      Aug 23, 2012
      DOI
      10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.08.005
      PMID
      22943848
      Link to publication
      Topic
      Summary

      A modeling approach termed ‘nicotine bridging’ is presented to estimate exposure to mainstream smoke constituents. The method is based on: (1) determination of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC) and in vitro toxicity parameter-to-nicotine regressions obtained using multiple machine-smoking protocols, (2) nicotine uptake distributions determined from 24-hour excretion of nicotine metabolites in a clinical study, and (3) modeled HPHC uptake distributions using steps 1 and 2. An example of ‘nicotine bridging’ is provided, using a subset of the data reported in Part 2 of this supplement (Zenzen et al., 2012) for two conventional lit-end cigarettes (CC) and the Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System (EHCSS) series-K6 cigarette. The bridging method provides justified extrapolations of HPHC exposure distributions that cannot be obtained for smoke constituents due to the lack of specific biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke constituents in clinical evaluations. Using this modeling approach, exposure reduction is evident when the HPHC exposure distribution curves between the MRTP and the CC users are substantially separated with little or no overlap between the distribution curves.

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      Reduced Risk Products ("RRPs”) is the term we use to refer to products that present, are likely to present, or have the potential to present less risk of harm to smokers who switch to these products versus continuing smoking. PMI has a range of RRPs in various stages of development, scientific assessment and commercialization. All of our RRPs are smoke-free products that deliver nicotine with far lower quantities of harmful and potentially harmful constituents than found in cigarette smoke.